Yearly Archives: 2025

　　從藍色小藥丸（威而剛）問世以來，老男人似乎活得愈來愈有自信，六十歲以後還是一尾活龍似乎已不是神話。其實威而鋼（Viagra）屬於所謂第5型磷酸二脂酶抑制劑（PDE5-I），是目前治療男性性功能障礙的口服選擇藥物。隨著其他藥廠開發新藥加入競爭，目前市面上流通的PDE5-I除威而剛（Viagra）外，還有樂威壯（Levitra）和犀利士（Cialis）兩種，三者劑量和藥物活性有些差異，但是都可以治療性功能障礙，但是患者必須依需求在性行為前服用藥物，效果可以達六至七成。通過一點一滴的努力，讓犀利士邊度買的市場占有率越來越高，得到的投資回報率也穩步攀升。https://www.cialis-hk.cn

　　但是漸漸地有文獻指出: 某些陽痿病人，如攝護腺手術後性神經受損，糖尿病患，或嚴重血管活性不佳的病人等，使用PDE5-I治療陽痿則效果偏低。另一方面，根據統計35-47%的病人單次使用PDE5-I覺得有效就會停藥，而需要時才使用（on demand）藥物，其實還是無法完全使病人（40-50%）恢復”正常”的性生活，因為有計畫的性行為可能導致病患焦慮而影響表現。

　　研究人員發現：在經歷攝護腺根除手術後，兩側性神經受損而陽痿的病人中，長期服用PDE5 Inhibitor可以減低海綿體組織中平滑肌的細胞衰亡，也可減低血管內皮細胞的失能。在老鼠動物實驗模式中也發現，長期持續以威而剛20mg/kg餵食老鼠45天後發現，實驗組老鼠可以減緩海綿體組織的纖維化，避免海綿體平滑肌的損失，更可刺激NO的產生。就這樣，愈來愈多的文獻證實了比較持續每天使用PDE5-I和依需求使用PDE5-I，對性功能障礙治療至少一樣好或更好，且對於整體人體血管的健康也有益處。而上述三者已經上市的藥物中，犀利士半衰期長達17.5 小時，反應時間達36小時，使得每日使用較低劑量就可以使人體內維持一定的藥物作用濃度。每日口服犀利士5mg使用五天後，體內濃度可以達單次使用的1.6倍，因此可以有效治療器質性的性功能障礙。在McMahon的研究中，比較單次使用on demand的20mg犀利士和持續每天使用10mg犀利士26周後發現: 後者比前者在經IIEF EF領域（性功能慣用評估指標）評估證實，能有效維持已提昇的勃起功能。進一步臨床試驗中，每日給予一次犀利士5 mg的療效，和依需求使用犀利士10 mg或20 mg之臨床試驗的整合結果相同。而病人服用犀利士每日錠5 mg的耐受性，也和依需求使用犀利士10 mg或20 mg之臨床試驗的整合結果相同。

　　因此，犀利士每日錠成為目前唯一通過衛生署核準可持續天天服用的PDE5-I藥物。優點是長期使用可以改善內皮細胞的功能，副作用發生率可能較低，對於已經診斷必須使用PDE5-I來治療性功能障礙的病人，如果病人要求的是恢復更”自然”的性行為，而每日錠使用可打破原本吃藥才能性行為的預期焦慮。臨床上的資料也證實：每日使用一次犀利士通常具有良好的耐受性。目前並沒有證據顯示對治療產生耐藥性或抗藥性。

　　安全性評估

　　目前相關的研究結果並不多。已知的結果指出，使用低劑量犀利士每日錠和依需求使用（on demand）來比較，副作用的種類和發生比率並沒有多大差異。其中最常被報告出來的副作用是消化不良，頭痛，背痛和疑似感冒的癥狀。

　　絕對禁忌

　　和所有PDE5-I一樣，犀利士禁用於使用任何形式有機硝酸鹽的患者。若需給予硝酸鹽藥物，必須間隔至少48小時，並由醫護人員藉由適當的血液動力學監測，進行嚴密監控。另外，犀利士也禁用於因非動脈性前部缺血性視神經病變（NAION）而失去單眼視力的患者。

　　結論

　　人類使用PDE5-I治療性功能障礙歷史已經要邁入第二個十年，愈來愈多臨床醫師發現單次使用PDE5-I藥物達到勃起目的，事實上並不是治療性功能障礙完全成功，因為病患希望的要求是恢復往日雄風，想做就做，而不是吃藥才能完成有計畫的性行為。事實上，治療陽痿常常必須考量到個體不同的需求和想法，但現在的研究結果往往無法回答這些複雜的問題。如果病人要求的是恢復更”自然”的性行為，在醫師專業的評估之後，犀利士每日錠持續使用，可能是治療陽痿的一個新的契機。

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Seoul, March 14. KCNA reported on the 14th that Kim Jong-un, General Secretary of the Workers ‘Party of Korea and Chairman of the State Councilor, directed the People’s Army Tank Corps Joint Force to conduct a confrontation training competition on the 13th. KCNA public reports show that Kim Jong-un has guided the People’s Army’s military training on site many times this month.

KCNA said that the confrontation training competition aims to test the tank soldiers ‘actual combat capabilities and be proficient in tactics. North Korea’s new main tank participated in the competition.

The report said that Kim Jong-un expressed great satisfaction with the combat performance, strike capabilities and mobility of the new main tank. He also boarded the new main tank and drove it himself.

The report said that Kim Jong-un emphasized the important role of tank soldiers in modern warfare and called for increased efforts to organize and hold practical training and training competitions to improve combat effectiveness.

According to previous reports from KCNA, Kim Jong-un also guided the People’s Army’s artillery training earlier this month, and visited training facilities and guided actual military training at important combat training bases in the western region.

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Geneva, July 17 (Reporter Chen Binjie) The ninth World Trade Organization review of China’s trade policy held its first day meeting in Geneva, Switzerland on the 17th.

The review lasted for two days. Vice Minister of Commerce Li Fei led a Chinese delegation to attend the review meeting. Li Fei said in his speech that the WTO is an important pillar of multilateralism and an important stage for global economic governance. China adheres to the path of Chinese-style modernization and promotes high-quality development. Since the last review in October 2021, China has actively practiced true multilateralism, continued to play an important role in global development, and brought more opportunities to the world through its ultra-large market. China strengthens South-South cooperation, implements global development initiatives, and supports developing members in accelerating development.

Li Fei emphasized that China will firmly deepen high-level opening up to the outside world, further reduce import tariffs, improve the level of trade facilitation, continue to expand the opening up of service sectors, and relax market access for foreign investment; China will continue to promote deep-seated reforms and give full play to the market’s role in resource allocation. Decisive role, promote a better combination of effective markets and promising governments, and promote innovative, green, digital and inclusive development.

Li Fei pointed out that China has fully and deeply participated in the WTO reform negotiations, promoted the WTO to better respond to global challenges, supported the inclusive development of the multilateral trading system, and helped developing members better integrate into global value chains.

Representatives of WTO members spoke highly of China’s positive contribution to promoting global economic growth and maintaining the multilateral trading system, and appreciated China’s policy measures to deepen domestic reforms and further expand opening up. Developing members highly appreciate China’s practical actions to support it, especially in supporting the least developed members in accelerating development and further integrating into the multilateral trading system.

Member representatives pointed out that China’s economy has shown strong resilience under multiple external challenges, growing by 52% in 2023, and is the most important driving force for global economic recovery after the COVID-19 epidemic. China is the most important trading partner of many members. In recent years, China has continued to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation by reducing tariffs, optimizing customs clearance procedures, and issuing negative lists.

Member representatives highly recognized that China continues to promote market-oriented reforms, promotes green economic transformation and development by strengthening technological innovation and other means, and makes outstanding contributions to global low-carbon and green development and addressing climate change.

Member representatives stated that China is an important and responsible member of the WTO and has made significant contributions to promoting discussions on topics such as investment facilitation, e-commerce negotiations, domestic regulation of trade in services, prevention and control of plastic pollution, and fishery subsidies, supporting the reform of the dispute settlement mechanism and promoting the restoration of the Appellate Body.

Trade policy review is one of the three core functions of the WTO and an important mechanism for WTO members to understand each other’s economic and trade policies. Before the meeting, China received more than 1000 written questions from 44 members and provided answers to all questions on time in accordance with the rules.

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Jakarta, March 20 (Reporter Ye Pingfan Tao Fangwei) The Indonesian Election Commission announced the final vote count results of the presidential election on the 20th. Current Defense Minister Prabowo and his running mate, the eldest son of current President Joko, and the mayor of Soro City Jiburan won with 5858% of the vote and was elected the next president.

On March 20, in Jakarta, Indonesia, Prabowo (center) spoke at a rally attended by media reporters and supporters. Fa (Photo by Agong)

Among the other two groups of campaign combinations, Anis, former governor of the Jakarta Capital District, and Muhaiming, general chairman of the National Awakening Party, received 2494%. Ganjar, former governor of Central Java Province, and former Indonesian Coordinating Minister of Political, Legal and Security Affairs Mohammed, the vote was 1646%.

Analysts believe that Prabowo’s victory reflects the eager expectations of a large number of voters for continuing Joko’s policies, developing the economy, promoting employment and improving people’s livelihood and well-being.

Voting for the 2024 Indonesian general election, including the presidential election, will be held on February 14. Prabowo’s presidential inauguration ceremony will be held on October 20 in Nusantara, Indonesia’s new capital.

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Jerusalem, March 23 (Reporters Wang Zhuolun and Lu Yingxu) The Israel Defense Forces issued a situation report on the 23rd, saying that only when all Palestinian militants at Shifa Hospital in Gaza City are captured will the Israeli army end its military operations in the Gaza Strip, the largest hospital.

The report quoted Finkelman, commander of the Israel Defense Forces ‘Southern Military Region, as saying that the Israeli army’s operation at Shifa Hospital is important and complex. The Israeli army is continuing this operation until the last Palestinian militant falls into the Israeli army’s hands, whether alive or dead. The Israeli army’s operation at Shifa Hospital will not end.

Earlier in the day, the Israeli army issued a situation report saying that the Israeli army had killed more than 170 Palestinian militants and arrested more than 800 suspects during its operation at Shifa Hospital. The Israeli army found weapons and facilities of Palestinian armed groups in the hospital. The sick and wounded in Shifa Hospital have been evacuated to designated compounds, and the Israeli army has also assisted trucks carrying medical equipment, food and water into the hospital.

Palestinian official news agency Wafa quoted Gaza medical sources as saying on the 23rd that Shifa Hospital was in harsh conditions and lacked water, food and medical services. Five Palestinian patients died that day. The Israeli army arrested about 240 patients and their caregivers, as well as 10 medical staff inside the hospital complex.

On the 18th of this month, Israeli troops invaded Shifa Hospital and issued a statement saying that intelligence showed that Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) militants had recently entered Shifa Hospital and used the hospital as a command center. The Israeli army took military action against Shifa Hospital in November last year and claimed that Hamas ‘combat command center and military equipment were found in the hospital. The Gaza Strip health department denied this.

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According to a report by Russian Satellite News Agency on May 15, the Russian Ministry of Defense said on the 15th that in the past 24 hours, Russian air defense systems shot down a Ukraine MiG-29 fighter jet, 40 drones, 12 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) missiles, 45 Haima rockets and other targets.

According to reports, the Russian Ministry of Defense stated that the air defense system shot down a MiG-29 aircraft of the Ukraine Air Force, 40 drones, 4 US-made Hamm anti-radiation missiles, 12 US-made ATACMS missiles and Dot-U missiles, 45 US-made Haima, Hurricane and Alder rockets.

The Russian Defense Ministry also said that in the past day, the Ukrainian army lost 1295 soldiers.

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Sydney, March 11 (Reporters Liang Youchang and Wang Qi) Chinese Ambassador to Australia Xiao Qian said on the 11th that the current world’s major changes unseen in a century are accelerating and many challenges are emerging one after another. China-Australia cooperation is not only in line with the common interests of the two countries, but also conducive to peace, stability and prosperity in the region and even the world.

Xiao Qian delivered a speech when attending the 2024 Australia Financial Review Business Summit in Sydney that day, saying that China and Australia are both important countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The economic structures of the two countries are highly complementary and pragmatic cooperation is mutually beneficial and win-win. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to establish a correct understanding of each other, deepen practical cooperation, and properly handle differences.

Xiao Qian said that this year marks the 10th anniversary of the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Australia. The so-called comprehensive means that China-Australia relations are not just cooperation in the economic and trade fields, but cooperation in any potential field and level. The so-called strategy means that the importance of bilateral relations transcends bilateral relations and has regional and even global significance. The so-called partner means that China and Australia should become mutually trusting friends rather than enemies, partners rather than opponents.

Xiao Qian said that practical cooperation between China and Australia is very important to both countries. The two sides should continue to consolidate and deepen cooperation in traditional fields such as energy, mining, agriculture, education, and tourism, and expand cooperation in emerging fields such as climate change, electric vehicles, artificial intelligence, health industry, green economy, digital economy, and technological innovation. These will help China and Australia open a new chapter of broader and mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of continuously consolidating cooperation in existing fields.

Xiao Qian pointed out that both sides should focus on the overall situation, focus on consensus, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, and manage differences in a proper, mature and intelligent way through friendly communication and consultation.

The 2024 Australia Financial Review Business Summit will be held in Sydney from March 11 to 12. Government officials such as Australia Foreign Minister Wong Ying-hsien, Treasury Secretary Chalmers, as well as opposition leader Dutton, local business executives, experts and scholars attended the meeting to analyze and study the international situation, focus on Australia’s future development, and explore cooperative measures to respond to challenges.

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According to a report by the Tass news agency on March 18, Russian President Vladimir Putin delivered a speech at his campaign headquarters on the 18th, saying that considering the Ukraine army’s attack on Belgorod Oblast, Russia may establish an epidemic prevention zone in the adjacent areas of the state in the future (buffer zone to ensure Russia’s security).

The report said that regarding the proposal to incorporate Kharkiv Region into Russia to eliminate Ukraine’s attacks on the Russian border, Putin said: I am not ready to talk about when and how we should take measures to incorporate the land. But given the tragic events that have occurred today, I do not rule out that at some point, when we see fit, we will be forced to establish a specific epidemic prevention area on the territory that today is under the Kiev regime.

Putin said: (We want to) create a safe zone that makes it difficult for enemy weapons, of course mainly foreign-made weapons.

The report said that Putin did not specify how deep the epidemic prevention area was. He said: This is a separate issue. (Compiled by Zheng Yu)

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Brussels, March 18 (Reporter Fu Yiming) The European Council announced on the 18th that it will allocate another 5 billion euros to provide military assistance to Ukraine.

The Council of the European Union said in a press release on the same day that it decided to set up a special Ukraine aid fund within the framework of the existing European Peace Fund and allocate 5 billion euros to provide military assistance to Ukraine.

The communiqué said that the Ukraine Aid Fund will enable the EU to further meet the changing needs of the Ukraine armed forces by providing lethal and non-lethal military equipment and training; the fund complements military assistance provided to Ukraine by EU member states.

In March 2021, the Council of the European Union approved the establishment of the European Peace Fund, which aims to enhance the EU’s capabilities in the fields of conflict prevention, peace-building and strengthening international security. The fund is not included in the EU’s fiscal budget. After multiple additions, the fund’s total budget ceiling for the period from 2021 to 2027 currently exceeds 17 billion euros.

Data released by the European Union shows that since the Russia-Ukraine conflict escalated in February 2022, the European Union and its member states have provided or promised to provide more than 138 billion euros in various assistance to Ukraine, of which 28 billion euros are military assistance.

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Washington, March 14 (Reporters Xu Yuan and Xiong Maoling) Data released by the U.S. Department of Labor on the 14th showed that the U.S. producer price index (PPI) rose 06% month-on-month in February, an increase of 03 percentage points from January, highlighting that the U.S. inflation situation remains severe.

Data showed that the U.S. PPI increased by 16% year-on-year in February, the largest increase since September 2023. Excluding food, energy and trade services prices, core PPI increased by 04% month-on-month and 28% year-on-year.

In the same month, commodity prices increased by 12% month-on-month, the largest increase since August 2023. Among them, natural gas prices rose 68%, and grocery prices rose 1%. At the same time, service prices increased by 03% month-on-month.

PPI tracks changes in production costs and is a key measure of inflation. Analysts believe that PPI accelerated again in February, indicating that inflationary pressures in the United States continue and the Federal Reserve may need to maintain high interest rates for a longer period of time.

A tracking data from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange showed that after the PPI data was released, the market basically believed that the Federal Reserve would maintain the target range of the federal funds rate between 525% and 55% at the monetary policy meeting held from March 19 to 20.